W. Hoppitt
2011
Cause and effect in biology revisited: is Mayrs proximate-ultimate dichotomy still useful?doi.orgPDF
Science 334(6062):1512--1516, 2011
Abstract Fifty years ago, Ernst Mayr published a hugely influential paper on the nature of causation in biology, in which he distinguished between proximate and ultimate causes. Mayr equated proximate causation with immediate factors (for example, physiology) and ...